oafieis



(No Model.)

A. GAREIS. Mariner's Compass.

Patented M ay 25, 1880.

Fag.

v mvmrwon M W WITNESSES ATTORNEYS ".FEI'ERS. PHOTO-LITHDGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D c.

L To all whom it may concern:

a 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIQE.

ANTON GAREIS, or PoLA, AUSTRIA.

MARINERS COMPASS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 227,972, dated May 25, 1880.

Application filed April 20, 1880. (No model.) Patented in England March 1, 1879.

Be it known that I, ANTON GAREIS, hydrographer to the Imperial Royal Austrian Navy, a citizen of Austria, residing at Pola, in the Empire of Austria, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mart ners Compasses; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The present improvements in mariners compasses have for their object a more convenient mode of removing and reinserting or replacing the cap or socket of the compass-card, as well as the pivot-pin on which the said card rests, than is practicable in the ordinary construction of mariners compasses.

These improvements are more especially intended for fluid or liquid compasses, but are also applicable to other kinds of mariners compasses.

The invention consists in the construction and combination of partswhich will be hereinafter more fully described, and then set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a liquid compass in vertical section, the cardanic suspension being omitted, but letters A A indicate the level in which it lies. Fig. 2 shows, in plan, the lifting device for arresting the compass-card. Fig. 3 is a key or tool for removing the pivot-pin. Fig. 4 represents a modified construction of the pivotpin.

According to the present improvements, the upper glass cover, it, is provided with an aperture, in the center of which a capsule or box,

. c, is fitted, communicating with the compasspass-card, and provided at the top with a projecting stud, d.

A similar stud, t, is arranged on the lower part of the pivot-pin. The cap may also be set directly into the screw 1) and screwed with it into the holder d d. The lifter or arresting device is provided with two or more teeth, f f, symmetrically distributed, and similar teeth project likewise from the lower edge of the carrier 6 c of the compass-card.

For removing the cap of the compass-card, as well as the pivot-pin, for the purpose of examining or changing them, the compass-card is raised from the pivot-pin by means of the lifter, and the capsule a a, which closes the aperture of the cover, is opened. The key h h, Fig. 3, is then inserted through this aperture, and being hollow at one end and provided with a rectangular slot, h, the hollow end fits over the top of the aforesaid holder 61 d, or over the lower shaft of the pivot-pin, while the slot h receives the stud d or the stud '5. By turning the key in the corresponding direction the serrated lower edge of the.carrier c e of the compass-card will first engage with the teeth f f of the lifter, thereby securing the compass-card, and then the holder at d of the cap 0 may be screwed out of the carrier 0 e, and can be removed through the box a a. Through the opening thus formed in the compass-card the pivot-pin 8 clean then be screwed out and removed by means of the same key h 71/. On the opposite end,h, the key is provided with an ordinary screw-driver for screwing off the hollow screw 1). it will be understood that both the key and the capsetting, as well as the shaft of the pivot-pin, may be made of any suitable form. The reinserting of the pivot-pin and the cap is effected in like manner, and the capsule a a can the be closed;

When the compass is not provided with a lifter for raising the compass-card the pivotpin 8 may, as shown in Fig. 4, be fixed to a screw-plug, 70, passing through the center of the bottom t of the compass-box, and can then be removed by turning the compass-box over and screwing out the said screw-plug k. When the pivot-pin s and its shaft l are removed the screw-plugk is reinserted. Then the compass-box is again turned to its normal position, and the compass-card is held in position by its serrated carrier engaging with the teeth f f, provided on the flange m m. The changing of the cap is effected in the manner described with reference to the construction shown in Fig. 1. For reinserting the pivot-pin s the compass box is afterward again turned over.

The screw-joint of the upper part, 12 p, of the cover 1) p q q and the compass-box B B is arranged above thelevel of the fluid, so that the latter, if rising to the level n 11, cannot escape through the said joint. The space over the level n n permits the fluid to expand under changes of temperature. The lower cylindrical part, (1 q, of the cover of the compass-box, on which the lubber-line is indicated, extends below thelevel of the compass-card, and so forms an innercompartment, that prevents the access of bubbles of air from the top of the cover to the compasscard. Any bubbles of air which, nevertheless, may have formed may be removed by opening the aperture in the capsule to a, and causing the bubbles to move toward the center of the cover to enable them to escape there. This result will be effected as long as the level of the fluid is higher than the under surface of the glass cover t. If this is no longer the case, the deficiency of the fluid will be indicated by the cessation of the escape of the bubbles of air through the aperture in the capsule a a, and then so much additional fluid has to be poured into the compass-box through the said aperture, or that of the screw-plug 2, as will raise the fluid-level to about the upper-surface of the glass cover. Both during the filling up of the compass-box and the removing of bubbles of air through the capsule a a the screwplug zmust be removed to permit the escape or allow the admission of air. The capsule to a is arranged with its valve in so that the said valve need not close tightly, and it is provided with an aperture, 0. After the plug 2 has been screwed into its place the last remnants of the inclosed air and a small portion of fluid can escape through the aperture 0 in the part of the capsule to a above the valve, while closing the said valve, the screw-box of which is tightened by means of a leather packing to then, after giving the compass-box its normal position, the valve can be closed, as above described. As already mentioned, the arrangements for removing the cap and pivot can be .used on other mariners compasses besides fluid compasses.

The outer compass-box, B B, may, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, be made of smaller diameter beneath the screwed part of the cover, to reduce the weight of the entire compass, and also to permit contrivances for correcting or compensating the deviations of the compasscard, to be arranged near the same.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- v 1. The compass-cover it, provided with a central aperture which can be opened for removin g and replacing the cap and pivot-pin through the same,..and for removing any bubbles of air, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the compass-card carrier 0, having bottom teeth, 9, the lifter havin g teeth f, the removable cap-holder cl, having stud d, the shaft of the pivot-pin provided with projection z, with the compass-cover, having a capsule and valve, and the key h, as and for the purpose set forth.

' 3. Thecompass-coverp,havingalowercylindrical part, q, extending below the level of the compass-card, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ANTON GAREIS.

Witnesses FRANZ HOPFGARTNER, ANTON KLOSSER. 

